The Malaysian Legal System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2120 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? 1. INTRODUCTION Malaya obtained independence on August 31, 1957 from British colonial rule. Malaysia was established in September 16, 1963. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Malaysian Legal System" essay for you Create order It is made up with 13 states and three federal territories components. Malaysia belongs to a parliamentary monarchy. The supreme head of the country is called the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong ¼Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  YDPA ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °. YDPA is selected by rotation from the council of rulers. The government is made up of the House of Representatives or the coalition, and the leader is called the prime minister. The government can provide a stable social environment in the process of industrialization. The branches of government are Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. Each has its own role, and they do not overlap. The Legislature can be driven into two parts: Federal level and State level. The Executive also has the same parts. The Judiciary has different several levels. With the development of economic, it will be very beneficial to the democratic process. 2. MAIN BODY 2.1 LEGISLATIVE 2.1.1 FEDERAL LEVEL The Federal Level includes YDPA, the Senate and the House of Repres entative. The first important point is the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong ¼Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  YDPA ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °. YDPA YDPA is the supreme head of the country and can hold the post for five years. If he withdraws from the position or death or has other situations, the period will be shortened. The selection has several different standards. For example, YDPA must be selected by rotation from the Council of Rulers. One of the important is receiving more the councilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ support. Of course, YDPA has discretionary power. He can ask for the meeting of ruler council and appoints prime minister according to his desire. The Senate The second important point is the Senate. It is made up of 69 members. They are chosen from different position. Two of them come from the state legislative assembly, and most of them are chosen by YDPA. They can debate and check on the bills which are already passed by the House of Representative. But if they do not attend the meeting more than 6 months without reasonable explanation or permission, their rights will be deprived. The House of Representative The third important point is the House of Representative. The members here are known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Yang Berhormatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The members are more than the Senate, and has 193 members. They responsible for drawing up the bills and debate with them. If they also do not attend the meeting, they will have the same result. Of course, if they do not work, they can write a resignation letter to the Yang Di-pertuan House of representative. 2.1.2 STATE LEVEL Rulers The Ruler is the head of thestate, and hemanages the relevant things which in his own state. Themain functions of the ruler is to existence the states legislative assembly with the decision, when it is necessary, he will have the right to dissolve the state legislative assembly.At the same time, he has an importantauthority to appoint and remove the chief minis ter. In addition, he has the responsibility to lead the Islamic religion or local custom. Besides, a state which does not have a Ruler can be called Yang Diperdua Negeri. State Legislation Assembly About the State Legislative Assembly information, 13 states have their own State Legislative Assembly and so far there have been more than 20 years. State Legislative Assemblyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsible for drafting the copy and discussed, improve the draft and cannot represent more than one voterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion. Also be known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Yang Berhormatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Strictly in accordance with the provisions of, can the very good driving power of State Legislative Assembly, to become better. 2.2 EXECUTIVE 2.2.1 FEDERAL LEVEL YDPA YDPA is the head of the country supreme that we already discussed. Council of the Rulers Next is Council of the Rulers, it consists of all rulers as members and the function of the Council of the Ruler is that Eve ry five years selected YDPA, the members of the council of the rulers can vote to choose the YDPA and also can depose the YDPA which does not give the contribution to the country, but only the hereditary ruler has the right to vote the YDPA. Except that, the Parliament also has a duty to protect the legal status of the Malay and Islam. Prime Minister and Ministers The third component is Prime Minister and Ministers. It is the leader of the administrative office in Malaysia, chosen by the YDPA and the YDPA must appoint a member of the House of Commons which has congressional majority support as prime minister. In addition, the minister is proposed by the prime minister then the YDPA decided to select him to help the prime minister to participate in decision-making, at the same time, the minister and his departments need to perform the orders of their superior. Cabinet Cabinet is an administrative agencyof the Malaysian government, the subordinate of cabinet can be divided into many departments, and each department has to exercise their relevant responsibilities also they have a common duty. At the same time, the cabinet can determine the governments policies. Besides, the cabinet members must be elected from the congress, the YDPA will be according to the list, whichsubmittedby the prime minister to choose the cabinet ministers and deputy ministers, cabinet ministers hold the cabinet meeting every Wednesday on a regular basis. 2.2.2 STATE LEVEL Rulers or YDN The first one is Ruler/Sultan or Yang Dipertua Negeri (YDN). The other parts we already discussed. Menter Besar or Chief Minister The chief minister is a state-level administrative leader of government, he was appointed by the ruler. The chief minister has the responsibility for carrying out the Rulers orders. At the same time, the chief minister can put forward some suggestions and countermeasures. Meanwhile,he also has the decision to the relevant policies within the state.In ad dition, he can appoint or dismiss his subordinate department members from his post. State Executive Council The State Executive Council is similar to the Cabinet at the Federal Level.The Ruler of the State appoints firstly the chief ministers from the members of the Legislative Assembly who in his opinions is likely to command the majority of the members of the assembly.Then the Ruler appoints members of the Executive Council in consultation with the chief ministers. And the State Executive Council has the authority to make policies and implement them, at the same time its members follow the principle of common responsibility. 2.3 JUDICIARY TheJudiciary is the system ofcourts, it is the name of the statewhich is interpreted and applies thelaw. That is based on the equality debate of prosecutor and defendant. Superior Courts Federal Court It is the highest court in Malaysia. The president of the Federal Court, the president of the Court of Appeal and Malaysia jud ge, Sabah Sarawak judge and the other seven Federal Court judges are seated in it. There is only one Federal Court and Court of Appeal, but each of the state has its own high court. And the Federal Court hears appeals from the Court of Appeal and High Court. On the other hand, the Court of Appeal has three judges, it hears appeals from the High Court and it can also hear appeals from the Sessions Court, if the case is in the public interest. High Court TheHigh CourtsinMalaysiaare the third-highest courts in the hierarchy ofcourts, after theFederal Courtand theCourt of Appeal. And it has forty-seven judges in Malaya and ten judges in Sabah and Sarawak. It has unlimited Civil Jurisdiction, and it hears the matters Bankruptcy and winding up of the companies The marriage (divorce) Injunctions, specific performance Syariah Court There is a system of State Syariah Court, which has limited jurisdiction over matters of state Islamic law. And the Syariah Court has jurisdiction just over matters related to Muslim. There is also no more than three years imprisonment. Subordinate Courts. Both of the sessions courts and magistrates courts are focused on criminal and civil matters, Sessions Court It is responsible for adjudicating matters related to criminal cases, especially the murders, theft, and other such cases, but except punishment by death. Magistrate Court It is divided into two parts, First class and Second class magistrates. But the Second Class Magistrates are not appointed now. In the criminal matters, First Class Magistratesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Courts have the power to make sure that all agencies imprisonment no more than 10 years. 2.4 CHINA 2.4.1 LEGISLATIVE Compared with the legislative system in Malaysia, Chinas Legislative System is single. China is a country of all rights belong to the people, the people exercise their rights institution is National Peoples Congress (NPC). The NPC is the highest organ of state power. Held once a year, representatives from the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions elected to participate, each persons term of office is five years. More than half said the decisions in favor of the establishment, allowing the country to promote the implementation. 2.4.2 EXECUTIVE The central government: The Highest Administrative office in China is called the State Council; the main function of the State Council is that to execute the command of the authority office. Besides, the head of the State Council is the prime minister, and the State Council is made up of the prime minister, vice-premier and each department ministers. The vice-premier and each department ministers are responsible to the prime minister. The Prime minister can be in office five years, and he can be chose by the National Peoples Congress. In addition, the power of the prime minister is the final authority of decisions, and decide the appointment of the vice-premier and each department ministers. The Local government: Provincial governors are the head of the province also is the head of the local government. The main function of the provincial governor is that to put forward the development plans and promote urban construction. The provincial governor also can work for five years and they have the similar work to the prime minister, but they just focus on their own province. And the Vice-provincial governors are acting as the adviser of the provincial governors. 2.4.3 JUDICIARY Adjudication Organ The Supreme Court of the Peoples republic of china is the Highest Judicial Organ. The Local Peoples courts are divided into three: the Grassroots Peoples Courts, the Intermediate Peoples Court, the Supreme Peoples Court. Pro-curatorial Organ Peoples Procuratorate for legal supervision countries . Peoples Procuration of the Peoples Court in accordance with the level of control of the establishment, in addition to the municipality control Intermediate Peoples Court set up, at all levels, said the Peoples Procuration. But also the establishment of the military Procuration and railway transportation Protectorate and other specialized Procuration. Public Security Organs The state of the investigating authorities, and to assume the maintenance of public order, civil dispute mediation and other quasi-judicial functions. State Security Organ The National Security Authorities relatively independent. Responsible for anti-power and key places to defend the transaction. The National Prison System The correct execution of the Prison Sentences Mission is to punish and rehabilitate offenders, in order to achieve the purpose of preventing and reducing criminals. Compared with China First of all, because of the different historical background, Malaysia and Chinas po litical system also has differed. Belongs to the republic of China, the Chinese government is the Peoples Congress System, belongs to a Parliamentary Republic. Ruled by Britain and Malaysia for a long time, belong to the Common Law Legal System. In Chinas constitution, China is a country of the Peoples Democratic Dictatorship, all power belongs to the people of the country, the people can through various channels and forms, the national, economic, cultural and social affairs management. Especially the election of the President in the next 5 years, citizens under the age of 18, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status, living period, has the right to vote and the right to vote. Reflected in the equal legal authority. China as a Socialist Country. Developing socialist democracy, improve the socialist law, gradually realize the industry, agriculture, national defense and the modernization of science and technology , so I think the Chinese system more humanized. 3. CONCLUSION Malaysia as a country with a constitutional monarchy, as in the maintenance of Parliamentary Democracy, at the same time also respects the Malay variety of cultures, to a certain extent for the tourism development of later also brought a good opportunity. Second, economically, Malaysia by the original on the basis of agricultural economy, into a predominantly manufacturing and industrial economy, especially on the computer and consumer electronics products have greatly improved. Malaysia is from an ordinary developing countries into an emerging industrialized countries. Finally, in politics, Malaysia also has a pivotal position in Asian countries, is the worlds 17th largest trading nation. With China and other countries also have close relations of cooperation is the first largest trade partner of China and Sean. Word count: 2183 1

History Of Income Inequality During The Gilded Age Essay

From 1938-1969, in America was in a period called the great compression, a time where the difference between the richest and poorest Americans was very small and economic growth was explosive. Due to past and current economic policies and events, income inequality has exploded in America, which is why in 2015 America had the highest level of wealth inequality in the world at 80.56 gini[1] . In the future this inequality will slow down economic growth, increase debt for middle income Americans, make America less democratic, and reduce economic mobility. This problem, however, does have solutions and this paper will lay out some of the solutions and the effect they will have on the economy, but first I will explain the history of income inequality in the US. The presidents during the gilded age embrace laissez-faire economic policies and refusal to regulate the banking sector, allowed for large amounts of investment that led to the stock market increasing in value rapidly and an environment that fostered technological advancements led to an age of economic prosperity, that was especially beneficial for all Americans especially the wealthy.[2] However, the rampant levels of income inequality and relatively slow wage growth at the time made it hard for working and middle class people to buy the amount of new technology at the rate it was being produced, thus leading to insufficient demand for products that were heavily invested in which created a bubble in the stock market.[3]Show MoreRelatedThe Gilded Age And The Age Of Information1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe term the â€Å"Gilded Age† was coined by Mark Twain. â€Å"By this, he meant that the period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath.† With its period o f extreme economic growth, there was tremendous wealth, but only for the wealthy. 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Explication of a Poem Making a Fist by Naomi Shihab Nye Free Essays

The title contributes, to us readers as it shows, that we are alive and strong as long as we can still make a fist. The person speaking in this poem is speaking to her daughter after a long car ride of days and days, maybe even weeks. Her mother is giving her comfort and reassuring her that even though people go through obstacles, you need to be strong enough to go through many aspects in life to bring happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Explication of a Poem: Making a Fist by Naomi Shihab Nye or any similar topic only for you Order Now And just tells her if you can still make a fist you are still alive. You will make it through because she believes her daughter has the strength to get through all the obstacles they have and will go through. This poem is very easy to understand, I think she did very well with her words and references of the content. I believe this story develops as a true statement, I think the lady speaking with her daughter has gone through similar obstacles as a child and her mother reassured her as she does for her daughter. It is always important to tell your children that they are strong and can make it through anything and that’s all she is trying to do. Many people face difficult times in life and that’s why it sounds so much like a true statement then just a story. Strength is very important to have and is always nice to have someone’s reassurance. Main idea of this poem is Strength. To never give up, and you are strong enough to get through anything even at rock bottom. The figurative language is symbolism the writer is giving her worlds to create the image using more meaningful words rather than a writers experience. How to cite Explication of a Poem: Making a Fist by Naomi Shihab Nye, Papers

Work Health and Safety Management Measures of People

Question: Describe about the Work Health and Safety Management for Measures of People. Answer: Introduction Work health and safety plan is essential for a construction site that sets out an arrangement while managing different safety and health related measures of the people present in the site. The work health and safety management plan is formulated for the safety of the workers who are working at the construction site. The WHS management plan is formulated for the Strathfield Apartments. The WHS management plan will be formulated based on different aspects of that will cover the safety aspects of the workers. Safety plan is not only formulated for the construction sites but also for the companies of other industries. The study will describe the various aspects of the safety management plan such as WHS policy, hazard identification and risk control, incident management, cooperation, consultation and coordination, site safety rules, safety and health site inspections, roles and responsibilities of various persons while controlling the site. WHS Plan WHS Policy The construction company has different types of policies that are formulated for the companies and for the construction sites separately. There are high risks to the workers who are working at the construction sites. Work and health safety policies are mandatory for these workers. The policies will be framed as per the nature of the site along with the different risks required for it. Policies will be framed for certain situations like hazardous manual tasks, managing health and safety risks, confined spaces, demolition work, managing electrical risks, risks of falls, industrial forklifts, labeling of the workplace hazardous chemicals, preventing falls, traffic management, and working in vicinity under the ethical considerations of the company. Different considerations of the above factors are considered to formulate the policy of work and health safety of the workers. The elements of the policy include different safety requirements that are necessary for the site workers. However, t he company must align the WHS policies to the corporate ethics of the company as well as other goals and objectives of the project handling (Bell 2013). The policies must follow the various codes of ethics and conducts of the construction company. Roles and responsibilities of persons in site Different type persons are present when construction is going on a site. The persons who are associated with the construction sites are principal contractor, contractor, workers, site doctors, fire safety experts, electrician, etc. The roles and responsibilities of the assigned people are described in the following: Principle contractor Preparing implementing and updating WHS management plan Identification and observation of legal requirements of the plan Identification of training required Consulting and communicating with workers Dispute of resolution Commencing planning while performing work safely Contractor They are responsible for identification of construction work related to high risks. The contractors comply with the regulations and duties of the safety policies, site rules and procedures Contractors ensure workers while engaging themselves in applying correct equipment and tools. Workers Workers are responsible for taking care of the reasonable care of the health and safety. Workers will be cooperating with the policies of the reasonable notified procedures and policies. Other people having WHS roles and responsibilities The electricians are present in the site are responsible for maintaining different faults in the machines. The doctors will take care of the emergencies that can occur anytime at the construction site. Fire safety operations department will take care of the hazards that can cause accidentally due to fire. Hazard identification and risk control Hazards are identified systematically while assessing risks before starting the projects and thereby using the risk control. It develops PPE issues and register in order to control risks that are associated with construction work with high risk (Jones and Nhung 2016). A risk management form is to be formulated that contains necessary works. Apart from that, risks are identified before identification of the buying any types of chemicals or when introducing any types of new machineries in the tasks. It can also occur whenever a new information is received by the workers and there is a miscommunication. It is the responsibility of the principal contractor while identifying tasks. In the risk management control, the following steps control the risks: Elimination Substitution Isolation Administrative control Engineering control Personal protective equipment The risk controls are implemented which are high in order and is responsible for implementing multiple controls. The workers who are associated with the work at the construction site are communicated with the types of possible risks along with the process of risk management tools. Communication of the possibilities of the occurrence of risks is essential among the different site worker, as it will help in escaping them from different kinds of risks and hazards. Safe work method statements The safety of the workers is not only the responsibility of the principal contractor. It is also a responsibility of the subcontractors, who maintains SWMS register. The SWMS register is known as safe work method statements register that is used in maintaining the safety of the workers and how much safe the workers feel while working. The workers are engaged into many types of works that have risks. It is the responsibility of the contractors to check the level of safety of the machineries through SWMS register. Different types of methodologies are communicated to the people that area associated with high-risk jobs. There are certain characteristics of high-risk jobs in a construction site. The method statements are defined in the SWMS register so that they can efficiently manufacture the WHS management plan (Jones and Nhung 2016). Apart from that, the commitment of the people associated with the company itself and the construction site is mandatory for the success of the management plan. Workers must have a sense of trust towards the company so that they can deliver their best while meeting the demands of the clients. A form of coordination is necessary for the benefit of the workers as well as the construction managers. Training and supervision Supervision of the workers is necessary which should be mentioned in the WHS management plan of the company. The principal contractors along with the subcontractors are engaged in formulation of a supervision or induction program for the workers before proceeding to the work. The supervision program will include the following aspects: Rules of the site Facilities Main points of the WHS management plan Site specific particular hazards Higher risk in the work activities Expectations of the WHS management plan that includes procedures and policies The training module of the WHS management includes the following aspects such as: Ensuring that workers are trained and competent enough so that they are efficient enough in performing their works Ensuring the requirements of the onsite training and the required supervision to the workers Organizing external training for specific tasks Seeking different licenses for the high risk related works in the site Ensuring that workers are prepared for dealing with any types of risks while understanding different kinds of the hazards and problems associated with it (Bell 2013). The principal contractor has to maintain training and competency register in order to point out the requirements of the need of the training for the workers. Co-operation, consultation and co-ordination Cooperation, co-ordination and consultation of the people who are working not only in the construction site but also to the company are required for the success of the WHS management plan. The principal contractor has the responsibility of maintaining all the aspects of the WHS management plan as well as the progress of the project. Client needs up to date information about their work in progress. In order to keep in track of the record, a toolbox meeting record is not only maintained by principal contractor but also to the list of sub contractors who are associated with the work of the construction project. Once the work and health safety plan is commenced then it has to be kept in track so that the plan will work when required. For perfect implementation of any strategy, coordination and communication is necessary. Conveying of the basic ideas of the workers is required for the efficient productivity while reducing the possibilities of health and safety risks (Bell 2013). It is see n that the persons associated with the work of construction are prone to various life risks. Hence, the needs of the toolbox meeting record maintenance by the principal contractors are essential for the safety of workers. Incident Management In a construction site, there are possibilities for many emergencies and incidents that can be hazardous for the various categories of workers. Notifiable incidents can include fatality, a situation that requires hospitalization, dangerous incident where some persons can lose their lives. In this situation, incident report should be maintained by the principal contractor for keeping the track of the incidents that will occur in the site. Apart from that, the code of ethics and emergency responses should be maintained in the incident report that will help the principal contractor (Jones and Nhung 2016). Apart from that, there is a stage of emergency preparedness. While ensuring different forms of emergency preparedness, some points have to consider While showing the workers, the checklists and emergency points of the WHS management plan. While checking and marking the locations and conditions of the fire extinguishers and keeping the track about the conditions Ensuring that all workers are alert of the various emergency checklists during the time of their induction During the time of any emergency condition, the principal contractor must be notified. Or someone can call the emergency number for preliminary help during the emergencies. Site safety rules The company must have to formulate rules regarding the health and safety concerns of the people working at the site. The rules of site must consider some general assumptions so that they can cover the basic possibilities of risks such as falling objects, personal protective equipments, falling from heights, working in trench or demolition work, underground essential services, excavation work. Apart from that, it is to be checked that the site amenities must be present in the construction site for the benefit of the workers. Basic site amenities include hygienic working environment, drinking water facilities and ethical behavior of the supervisors (Bell 2013). The principal contractor of the construction site has the duty to maintain site induction register that is required to keep the records of the various incidents and fatal disasters that have been occurred earlier in the site. The significance of the checklist maintenance is to rectify the errors that has been caused earlier while improving the health and safety concerns of the people in the site. However, the subcontractors also have to follow up with the result and effectiveness of the contingency plan that has been commenced for the benefit of the health conditions of the workers (Jones and Nhung 2016). Subcontractor Management In a construction site, under a principal contractor, many subcontractors are working in that place. The responsibility of the principal contractor is to manage all the works of the other categories of workers along with different types of subcontractors. The subcontractors have a definite role in commencing the WHS management plan for the improvement of the working conditions of the workers, that are responsible for doing high-risk works and for the people doing lower risks works. However, the principal contractor in this scenario have to maintain a subcontractor register while checking the progress of the different tasks assigned to the sub contractors not only for the clients but also for the work health and safety management plan (Jones and Nhung 2016). Management of the sub contractors is an important task that will determine the effectiveness of the result of the workplace health and safety management plan at the construction site of the company. The subcontractors are again ch eck the work in progress for the workers that work under them and their security and safety level because they have to formulate a report regarding these aspects. They have to show the report to the principal contractors of the construction site. Health and safety site inspections Inspection at a frequent interval is necessary because it will help in recognizing the number of injuries as well as the areas that can be a cause of various types of hazards. Apart from that, feedback should be taken from the different workers so that they can keep the health and safety concerns for them in a proper manner. In this case, daily inspection sheet should be formulated so that the possibilities of various hazards can be detected previously. The sub contractors have to track the record to the daily inspection sheet and they have to report it to the principal contractor of the site. Beside this, a register of injuries are to be enlisted in the register. It is essential for making any changes in the WHS management plan for the construction site of the company. The rate of injuries will also help the management bodies to determine the types of injuries that can be occurred in the future (Bell 2013). Further changes of the WHS management can be determined by the trends of inj uries that have been occurred earlier. Conclusion The WHS management plan is formulated based on some assumptions and previous trends of fatal accidents that have been occurred at the construction site earlier. There are many people who are involved in the plan such as principal contractor, sub contractors, different electricians, doctors, and experts, who are required in the WHS management plan. The roles and responsibilities of these persons are described in details. Besides this, various aspects of the health and safety plan are also explained in details. References Bell, V.R., 2013. The politics of managing a World Heritage Site: the complex case of Hadrians Wall.Leisure Studies,32(2), pp.115-132. Jones, T.E. and Nhung, D.T.H., 2016. Local constraints on community participation in cultural world heritage site management: The case of Hoi an ancient town, Vietnam.CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations, p.1017.

The Mexican American War free essay sample

It was a concept which heavily influenced American policy in the 1800s. The idea was the driving force behind the rapid expansion of America into the West from the East, and it was heavily promoted in newspapers, posters, and through other mediums. This was also a huge problem in the war because Mexico did not want the U. S. A to annex Texas and Oregon. That’s kind of how the war started. Now to refer to the second question, how was manifest destiny achieved by the Americans? Well, manifest density was achieved after the war. First the U. S gained land from the Louisiana Purchase, and then it annexed Texas and Oregon, and finally it got more land from the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty gave the United States the Rio Grande boundary for Texas, and gave the U. S. ownership of California, and a large area comprising New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mexican American War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page America got to buy all this land for just $15 million dollars. Back in the day, that was really expensive. Mexico didn’t want to sign the treaty because they were going to give away a lot of land that was worth more than $15 million dollars. The U. S also bought the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million, from France. Last but not least, we must answer the third question which is, how did manifest destiny show the determination of the American people. This question should be reversed. American nationalism  gave rise to  Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny is a by-product of the fallacy on which the United States started. It was the right that justified the right to acquisition. Manifest Destiny was a slogan to define American Nationalism. Its purpose served as a message to all the other countries. Manifest destiny was also what gave more Americans the courage to stand up and fight for their land. In conclusion, we have answered many important questions such as what was manifest destiny, how was manifest destiny achieved by American, and how did it show the determination of the American people? All these questions lead to the answer of why the Mexican American war started.

Brave New World - Cloning essays

Brave New World - Cloning essays I think that cloning is a bad thing as it takes away many of the special things that make us human. I think that the negatives outweigh the positives so therefore I have opted to argue the negatives of cloning. The first issue that cloning brings up is the idea that we are losing our individuality. I think that to be brought up in a family that values the individual, I have come to the conclusion that to be cloned is to be made scientifically. I believe that science takes away individuality. I think that if you are made in a test tube with up to 86 identical in the surrounding test tubes, where is the individuality? With twins, finding individuality is hard enough, let alone with 86 other individuals. I think that there is no way there is 86 different personalities, which means that not only are you identical in looks, but also personality. I think that you need to feel as though you are special with your own unique looks and personality. As each of us, are all different looking, with different backgrounds and different views, and if we didnt have these differences, we would be all the same. What would be the point in that? We would have the same ideas and values. I think that unless we are individuals, the world will not move on, as ideas are individual. Cloning would take away all this individuality and leave us being monotones of each other. I think that also, we will not have a natural body form and looks. With cloning and genetics, you can decide how smart, good looking, tall, short and pretty your child is. Even though we are not all happy with the way we are now, having the perfect set of body images and intelligence. This would just lead to all the so called perfect people being unhappy with themselves anyway, as they will not be the only ones who have these qualities but all other children will too. This would be a silly idea, as then the people would just be dissatisfied anyw ...

Five-Step Decision Making Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Five-Step Decision Making Process - Essay Example In case of recruitment and selection, ethical decision making plays a vital role to find the best candidate for the designation under consideration. However, there are a number of ways in which the decisions are deteriorated by other staff, family members, friends, relatives and existing employees. Human resource managers need to carefully formulate their criteria to the selection process. Every candidate should be assessed according to the qualification, skills, interview results and experience rather than on the basis of his reference or source. This paper evaluates the given scenario applying The 5 steps Process for Making Ethical Decisions. The five step process which guide towards making an ethical decision regarding issues in the business starts from the identification of the problem. In the given scenario, there is a clear indication of possible unethical judgment due to personal interest and influence of others. The co-worker’s statement may affect the decision of the hiring process. The problem of unethical and unjust decisions may harm the reputation of the company and such a decision may also not be in the best interest of the business. It is firstly unethical to reject candidates who best suit the position under consideration. ... The second step is to identify the alternative choice that a person can take. Applying it on the given scenario there are three main alternatives I can take: 1. Hire the best candidate 2. Leap back and give the power of selection to other senior 3. Hire that candidate which is friend of my co-worker The identification of the alternatives alone is not sufficient to help in making an ethical decision. It is now required to evaluate the alternatives in order to select the best possible candidate for the position. If I go for the first choice and do hire the best candidate then my colleague would take it wrongly and it may affect our relationship. But the best candidate can be a valuable asset to our organization. As a responsible employee of my organization it is the best choice for me. If I select the second option and leap back and delegate or request the selection to be done by other individual say my senior then however my colleague would still be dissatisfied with me but still it w ould not harm the relationship much in the long run. Finally, if I do hire that candidate which is a friend of my colleague then both the organization needs and my colleague would be satisfied. I personally believe that I should go for the best candidate for the designation under consideration in terms of qualifications, experience and skills. This will be a bit difficult to satisfy the co-worker; however, it will help the organization run successfully in the long run. Job of hiring is a very bonafide job and it requires higher level of professional skepticism. Hiring is the process which must display greater level of ethical decision making. It will be unethical to avoid any

Which non-war law enacted by the US Congress was most important Essay

Which non-war law enacted by the US Congress was most important - Essay Example Congress enacted for the initial purpose of discouraging acts of insurrection which supported the Confederacy. President Abraham Lincoln was reluctant at first to approve the act in 1861, considering impracticalities in view of the former triumphs and spirit of the secessionists to sustain the old slaveholding tradition. It gradually served him, nevertheless, a foresight that confiscation of properties by the federal government could make ends meet in resolving to abolish and keep black slavery from use for rebellion upon employment to labor by the federal authority. Alongside the militia act, in the findings of J. McPherson, the author explicates â€Å"one section of the confiscation act authorized the president to employ contrabands for the suppression of the rebellion ‘in such manner as he may judge best’† (McPherson 378). Though such did not necessitate for the president to recruit black soldiers, somewhere, the substance of the act brought Lincoln to ponder o n what could be more sensibly and productively achieved. When blacks were charged with military duties – he pondered as though he was inclined to prefer registration of the colored men for labor in that manner so that they may divert services, originally possessed by their previous masters, to the government honoured by the Union. In a way, hence, the permission of the law of confiscation enabled slaves to be identified as contrabands, nullifying ownerships by slave bearers in the seceded states. To analyze, the act seemed flexible and its implication at this stage leads to manifestation of liberty that it could well be a strategic move to make southern rebels account for new perspectives in treating the essence of revolution. Apparently, confiscation acts became altogether a driving force for Lincoln in his pursuit of enlisting black soldiers that, in one of his conversations with a military governor, he expressed â€Å"The colored population is the great available and yet unavailed of, force for restoring the Union† (379). His motivation, as such, stirred further interests in his administration to support him as he managed to realize probable competencies of the black laborers in a number of aspects as â€Å"troops to garrison forts, protect supply dumps and wagon trains, and perform rear-area duties† (380). Hence, designating the colored men for these functions could be perceived as an indirect approach of possibly easing racial discrimination as blacks blended with the whites in order for the whites to be relieved of exhaustive menial tasks since able-bodied negroes may come to their aid to save energy and other crucial resources necessary for the Union to cope with the demands of the civil war. This was especially an advantage for, at the time, a militia draft was ordered by the government to address the scarcity of the volunteering northern whites. By 1862, several Republicans particularly the radicals among them sought to enlist bla cks, or the confiscated contrabands, to be armed for a dual cause of helping the Union by turning them against the confederate south as well as stimulating their hope of being delivered from the unwanted bondage to oppression and social injustice through combative efforts. When the law took effect, the system governed by confiscation acts, however, exhibited unequal wages – a feature of an unpleasant outcome yet despite which, colored regiments proceeded to operate â€Å"as labor battalions to dig trenches, load and unload supplies, and perform heavy fatigue duty for white troops†

Architecturall theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Architecturall theory - Essay Example ntellectual context in thinking about architecture and the final built work is intrinsic to the understanding of how ideas reoccur, and even old theories have relevance today. Despite its past and present history, the aesthetic beauty and practical usefulness of theory remains a positive and necessary influence on the subject, and the discourse created by it an important element in the future growth and evolution of architecture itself. A good theoretical starting point is undoubtedly Lucas Koolhass and his theory of The Generic City—an idea significantly [and we might assume coldly] modern in its tendency to accept the twentieth century axiom of form follows function--‘generic’ as in having no particularly distinctive quality or application. In essence, nothing in terms of urban architecture should be written in theoretical or historical stone. Koolhass, the Dutch architect, architectural theorist and urbanist suggests that in approaching urban design we â€Å"stop looking for glue to hold cities together† [in the old thinking, town squares etc] and simply allow the place to develop as natural needs apply, where the only judgments are â€Å"taste† and â€Å"aesthetics† (Grà ¶nlund, The Generic City par 4). Removing the sociological component, The Generic City then is one that does not rely on history for its identity and disputes old notions of â€Å"endless repetitions o f the same structural module...more varied boredom, [and] redundancy...† (Grà ¶nlund, The Generic City par 2). But Koohaas does not leave the architect completely without options. He is simply providing a realistic backdrop that allows the professional to judge and create his work from a modern more clinical standpoint. In a1991 lecture at Rice University, Koolhaas, in pointing out â€Å"the constant movement that occurs between documenting and critiquing the phenomena to trying to interpret what they mean to architecture...† explains how his approach to writing and theorizing â€Å"work in tandem

Marketing Analysis of Adidas

Marketing Analysis of Adidas Introduction Adidas is a 2nd largest sport wear industry in the footwear market. Adidas is largely engaged with the sport industry, offering customers widespread selection of sport equipments. Adidas segmented its market into three main divisions Sport Performance, Sport Heritage and Sport Style. Company has its market extensive increase in Europe, US and Asia with approximately 150 continents (www.adidasgroup.com). Adidas aim to get better their quality, look, feel, and representation of their product in order to surpass consumer expectations and to provide them with the highest value, thereby helping athletes of all kinds to achieve zenith performance in their various fields. Adidas mostly invest in the sport market and increasing its profitability. As a sport giant Adidas should not only invest in the sports market but also it should try the other product related to the sport but in different industry like food (Nutrition and energy) products. Adidas is producing almost all kind of the product for the athletes, boxing, swimming, football, body building, golf etc, making all kind for products to give them comfort and confidence that they are wearing a reliable product. All of these sports consume high level of energy while their every day workout or during training session. As a highly reputed company if Adidas introduce such product then it will increase its market and an addition to it sport industry. New products will also be one of the most important factors in terms of success in the future (Blythe, J. 1998). After an extensive analysis of the environment and the market analysis adidas has develop and launched ‘Adi food Supplement’. Adi food supplement is mainly for the football athletes who consistently move during the game, this requires constant bodily re-adjustment, made possible by immediate starts, stops, jumps, dashes and spins. All of these physical needs can negatively impact the body and make the athlete vulnerable injury, illness or a disease. The athletes must have a well developed skills, complete with enhanced coordination, healthy and flexible joints. The flexibility required for complex and specific soccer manoeuvres, and the ability to create unpredictable power on-demand. Playing soccer well, and at the level required for success and victory. Adi food supplement will be reach in multi mineral vitamins. During the game athletes sweat heavily and lose mineral vitamins from the body. Regular dose of Adi food supplement will recover the lost minerals and the vitamin time to time and keep the athletes fit for the next game. This food supplement can be used in water, milk, juice etc to get the energy and for the taste it will be in different flavours to fulfil the need of the buyer. Market Objectives: Adidas marketing objectives are as follows: Increase its sales and market share Develop and launch a new product Improve its company and brand image Market development Environmental analysis: Every organisation need to analyze the enviourment to know its position in current market and compare the product with the competitors. The model we will use to analyze the market will be PEST. Igor Ansoff, 1965 states that environmental concept should be continuous and should feed all concepts of planning. Marketing environment is made up of three main parts: Internal environment Micro-environment Macro-environment According to the Food and Nutrition Policy 2007-2012 and UKAS, BS EN ISO 17025 law in Europe there are six main policies need to take care while producing a food products and follow the instruction to deploy the product in to any of the country which are under WHO European Action Plan. Biased healthy start Ensuring a secure, vigorous and sustainable food supply Detailed information and guidance to the consumer about the product Taking integrated action to tackle linked determinants such as physical motion, alcohol use, drinking water and the atmosphere Improving nutrition and food safety in health sector Monitoring, estimate and study If we examine the football market than we will come to know that Western Europe specially United kingdom is a very huge market and have a very good economic stability in the market. Now days each person is concern about its health especially all the athletes of any sports, and they spend hugely just on to their training and diet. Adidas as a privileged brand image in the market and any product related to sports will be highly appreciated. Nutrition and health related products have a significant market share. To launch the Adi Food Supplement Adidas required minimum of  £ 130 million of initial investment to launch the product with significant and steady profit. In Europe technology factors are very favourable to ensure the product standards. Growth Objectives: Corporate management’s first course of action should be a review of whether any opportunities exist for improving its existing businesses’ performance. Ansoff has proposed a useful framework for detecting new intensive growth opportunities called a product market expansion grid† (Philip Kotler, 2003). Ansoff states that a company could expand using penetration strategy, market development strategy, product development strategy and diversification. In the current situation, Adidas intention is to develop a new product of potential interest to its current market. It should be noted that Adidas is a global company with market all over the world including Cameroon. The critical factor for success in going down this road is the profitability of the customer group for which the product is being developed. Secondly given the fact that Adidas have a strong brand name that can comfortably applied to its products. Product development: This strategy is used to develop new product for the existing market. Production of Adi Food Supplement in such a well developed market with a good competition will be of great advantage. Due to the competition the company gets chance to improve its product and make the best available for consumers. With the production of such kind of product Adidas will be able to fulfil the market gap and will be increasing its market share by getting an upper hand over the rivals. Kotler, P. (1994) states that â€Å"once a company has successfully segmented the market, chosen its target customers, identified their chosen needs, and determined its market positioning than it is better able to develop new products†. Segmentation of the Market, Targeting and positioning of the Product: Market segmentation is the process of splitting customers, or potential customers, within a market into different groups, or segment, within which customers have the same, or similar, requirement, (McDonald and Dunbbar, 1998). Adidas being a global company was able to segment the UK market on the following bases. Size – the population is 60.6 million of which 80% local community, 10% Welsh and Northern Ireland and rest 10% is rest of world communities. Identity – Adidas was able to identify that more than the 50% of the population between 18 to 30 yrs were more engaged in athletics, which the rest of the youth population was interested in other sports such as volleyball, handball, rugby and others. Another group of the total population 20% of between 34-40years were interested in amateur footing in the morning while another 10% of the population between 41-60years were also running for the sake of keeping fit. Relevance – Adidas found in their market research that their product features were relevant for the segment they were researching as sportsmen and women wanted to run for long time without stopping to drink water. They need any kind of supplement fluid that will sustain in the body for a long time. Accessibility –Adidas can use different adverting strategies to the target audience, such as TV advertising, sport panorama, bill boards and youth magazines or sponsor the football match to tell people about the product. Getting the segmentation of the market, company’s next step is to target the particular segment of the potential customers of the new product. A particular segment is said to be attractive if there is enough potential customers to aim at, it is likely to be profitable and very much accessible. According to Geof, L. and Lester (2006) encompasses the identification of diverse needs for specific groups or segment of customers, deciding which of these groups the organisation should target or serve and designing marketing mix programs so that the needs of these targeted groups are then more closely met. In order to achieve the target market if we implement young and Rubican 4Cs model this can easily explain the segmentation of the market. This model can analyse user observation and help to determine their needs. After conducted common market research conducting interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires. They came to know that there are three main lifestyle groups which are based on cross-cultured buyer characterizations, which are constrained, the middle majority, and the innovators. It most likely found that the Middle Majority and the innovators are more concern about their health and spend some amount of the pay on their health products. Product Positioning Product positioning is always a very important part of any organization to market its product. Adi Food supplement will be rich in vitamins minerals and rich in nutrition for the athletes who do work out most of the day to keep them fit for the game. Footballers keep training and burn a lot of energy and due to sweat they lose vitamin and minerals. The biggest competitor of Adidas will be Maxi Muscles because has they market established but Adidas is the biggest name in the sports market and that brand image is their competitive advantage upon their competitor. Adi Food supplement will be a milk type product just add it in water or any other fluid and drink it with different flavours. It will consist of all necessary multi vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrate and amino Acids to recover energy and stamina quickly. Product positioning took place in the buyers mind and it is very much important to consider the buyers point of view regarding price before position the product in the market. Consumer thinks of every aspect of the product before buying like, taste, price, quality, satisfaction etc and then he or she will buy the product. Adidas as a sport tycoon can ensure the quality and taste and the price of the product but satisfaction still remains with the buyer. TV media and promotion of the product plays a vital role in positioning brand in the minds of the target consumers (Trout et al, 1981). According to the Aaker et. al (1992) we can achieve product position by seven different ways. Product characteristics and customer benefits To keep consumer attention for the product it very much necessary that product should have a very powerful slogan which expresses the product and the consumer demand. Adidas should develop a slogan like ‘Healthy Life with Adi Food Supplement’ and step into a different shade of the market. Competitive Price To contend with the market for this product Adidas should keep the market price competitive with the other products in the market. Product Launch Launch of the product is very important part in the positioning strategy. If we look at the current market in London Olympics are going to be held in 2012. In Olympics, athletes will be coming all around the world and that product can be a big hit as a brand name of Adidas. Consumer Consumer plays an important role in product positioning if product is associated with the consumer. It will be an extra edge if Adidas advertise its product with a well-known personality in the market. Product classification Properly classify the product makes it easies for the consumer to understand and compare it with the different product and can notice the benefit of the product. Logo / Symbol Every product in the market has its special symbols. Adidas being a well known tycoon already have its three strips Logo and can also be set for the new product with minor adjustments. Competition A healthy competition is always beneficial for a new product because competitors like Maximuscles already created a space and position in the market. Adidas can use the same market reference point to launch its product and can easily penetrate in the market. Marketing Mix of the Adi Food Supplement Neil H. Borden, (1964) states that the marketing mix is the set of marketing tools the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. Kotler (1994) says the set of controllable variables and their levels that the firm uses to influence the target market. Marketing mix is based on 4Ps which is the classification of the product Product In marketing mix presentation of a product is a very important that how Adidas present its product for the consumer. It includes product competitive price, an attractive packing, and different flavours for the consumer. As a brand adidas it is very much important for the company to present its new product according to their image so consumer feels privilege when they buy Adi Food Supplement. Price To penetrate in the market with a new product it is very important for adidas price the product with a very competitive price which should be affordable for all kinds of buyers in the market. Price should be determined after review the competitor’s price so the affordability should not be a problem for the product. Promotion Promotion of the product plays a very important part in product marketing strategy. Promoting the Adi Food Supplement can be done via different ways like online marketing, TV ads, Sports Magazines, sponsoring the events, leaflets and more. As much Adidas send the information about the product to the customers will be better for the long run benefits. Place Last but not least part of marketing mix is the place of the product where adidas will launch it, as we discuss before in marketing segmentation about the initial location of distribution is UK. Place involves all distribution channel, location of distribution and the method of the distribution and it is important to fulfil the availability of the product indifferent locations in UK for that Adidas can consult to their organised dealers and retailers for the product selling. Investment cost on Adi Supplement and its Return Before launching the product companies always go through from the cost analysis and the product price, it always a crucial role to determine the right price according to the market and the economic view of the company (Shipley, 1981). Initially company will invest roughly around  £ 130 million pounds to make the product successfully moving in the market. As the product will be something that will be focused on a specific target group the price of the product will be reasonable and affordable, with each box containing 750g Powder based supplement and costing around  £ 25. Cost pricing Year 1 The expected cost for the product is  £ 25 per box and the contribution sales for next five years is as follows Adidas should get return of its investment as follows This product will cover its cost with in 3 years and 7 months. And margin of the product can be increase if the product will be launched before the Olympics games in 2012 in London. References Aaker, D. A., R. Batra and J.G. Myers (1992) Advertising Management, New York: Prentice-Hall. Adidas Group. (2009). leveraging opportunities across our brand portfolio Available: http://www.adidas-group.com/en/overview/strategy/default.asp. Borden, N. H. (1964), â€Å"The Concept of the Marketing Mix†, Journal of Advertising Research, June, Vol. 4, pp. 2–7. Available in Schwartz G. Science in Marketing. John Wiley Sons, NY 386-97. Brown, R (1993). Market Focus. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. 18,84-85,171. Evans, J and Berman, B (1985). Marketing. 7th Ed. New Jersey: A Simon Schuster Company. 20,32-35,645-79,262,264-74. Igor Ansoff, (1965). Competing Strategy, the Ultimate Strategy Library: The 50 Most Influential Strategic Ideas of All Time. Philip Kotler, 1994, Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning, and Control, 8th edition. Peter R. Dickson and James L. Ginter, (1987). â€Å"Market Segmentation, Product Differentiation, and Marketing Strategy,† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51. Rick Brown (1993). Market Focus. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. 31-32. Ries, A. and J. Trout (1981) positioning: The Battle for your Mind, New York: McGraw-Hill. Shipley, D. (1981) Pricing Objectives in British Manufacturing Industry, Journal of Industrial Economics. WHO/Europe. (2009). Nutrition and food security. Available: http://www.euro.who.int/Nutrition.

Renewable Power Policy and Hydroelectric Dams Essay -- Environment Exp

Renewable Power Policy and Hydroelectric Dams There has been much controversy over changes in the environment due to the placement of hydroelectric dams, and also due to the pollution caused by other power plants which use non-renewable sources of energy. The arguments which come from certain groups against both sides seem rather strange. The purpose of this paper is to explore the environmental and other effects from both energy sources, and the arguments which are presented by different groups who lobby for and against the two sources of power. It appears in many opinions; a group will only access one issue, actually separating two topics which go hand in hand. The focus for examples in this paper with mainly rely on the southwest, and the case presented by the sierra club, which is one of the largest environmentalist lobbying organizations in the United States. A deeper focus will lie in the Grand Canyon, where there are now 11 dams in place. These dams in the Grand Canyon have been placed for a few reasons: the Colorado River Restoration Project, which is made to help maintain the steady flow of water through the canyon, as well as to maintain and built fish and wildlife habitat; a supply of hydroelectric power, which is a renewable energy source to power the southwest; water reservoirs for surrounding communities in the Grand Canyon area; and also for recreation areas on the lakes and reservoirs which have been created by the existence of the dams. The attacks on these programs are focused into three areas: environment, culture and recreation. Supporters of reservoir draining are fighting for what they call a dying ecosystem from the flooding of large areas and the destruction of much fi... ...notes.pdf> Franklin, Chris â€Å"Let the Colorado River run free† Earth Island Journal Spring 97: 23. â€Å"Glen Canyon: Just Drain It!† Earth Island Journal, Autumn 2000: 24. McManus, Reed â€Å"Down Come the Dams† Sierra Mau/June 98: 16. Ostapuk, Paul. Exposing Sierra Club and Glen Canyon Institute Myths. May, 1997. Appreciating Lake Powell. 09 Nov. 2003. Siddall, Scott. Current Controversy: Draining Lake Powell. 26 Mar. 2002. Kenyon College. 09 Nov. 2003. Smith, Dean. â€Å"Homework #4† Economics 284. Fall, 2003 â€Å"Unemployment Rate Drops to 6%.† Arizona Daily Sun 08 Nov. 2003: A1 Wilke, Anne W. â€Å"Should Lake Powell be drained?† E Magazine: The Environmental Magazine Jan/Feb98:19. Zengerle, Jason â€Å"Water over the damn† New Republic 24 Nov. 97: 20.